I. Major International Standard Systems
1. Chinese National Standards (GB)
Product Standards
GB/T 3621-2007: Titanium and titanium alloy sheets (industrial grade)
GB/T 13810-2007: Wrought titanium and titanium alloy materials for surgical implants (medical grade)
Basic Standards
GB/T 3620.1: Designations and chemical composition of titanium and titanium alloys
GB/T 3620.2: Allowable variations in chemical composition for wrought products
GB/T 228.1 (replaces GB 228): Metallic materials-Tensile testing
GB 4698: Chemical analysis methods for sponge titanium, titanium, and titanium alloys
2. American Standards (ASTM/AMS)
ASTM B265: Standard specification for titanium and titanium alloy strip, sheet, and plate
ASTM F136: Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy for surgical implants (equivalent to Gr5 ELI)
ASTM F67: Unalloyed titanium for medical applications (Gr1/Gr2/Gr3/Gr4)
AMS 4928: Aerospace-grade Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Gr5)
3. Russian Standards (GOST)
BT1-00, BT1-0: Commercial pure titanium (similar to TA0/TA1)
BT1-2, BT5: Titanium alloys (e.g., BT5 ≈ Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, close to TA7)
II. Grade Comparison Table
| China (GB) | USA (ASTM) | Russia (GOST) | Key Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| TA0, TA1 | Gr1 | BT1-00 | Commercial pure Ti (low strength, high ductility) |
| TA2 | Gr2 | BT1-0 | Commercial pure Ti (moderate strength, widely used) |
| TA3 | Gr3 | - | Commercial pure Ti (higher strength than TA2) |
| TA9 (Ti-0.2Pd) | Gr7 | - | Corrosion-resistant alloy (Pd-added) |
| TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) | Gr5 | BT6 | High-strength aerospace/medical alloy |
| TA10 (Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni) | Gr12 | - | Corrosion-resistant alloy (resists crevice corrosion) |
III. Key Testing Standards
Mechanical Properties
GB/T 228.1: Tensile testing for metallic materials
ASTM E8/E8M: American standard tensile test methods
Chemical Composition
GB/T 4698: Chinese methods for chemical analysis of Ti alloys
ASTM E1409: Oxygen/nitrogen content measurement in Ti alloys (ASTM)
Other Tests
Ultrasonic inspection (GB/T 5193), microstructure analysis (GB/T 5168), etc.
IV. Application Differences
Industrial Grade (GB/T 3621, ASTM B265): Chemical processing, marine engineering, heat exchangers.
Medical Grade (GB/T 13810, ASTM F136/F67): Orthopedic implants, dental prosthetics.
Aerospace (AMS 4928): Engine components, airframe structures.
V. Notes
Composition Tolerance: GB/T 3620.2 imposes strict limits on impurities (e.g., Fe, O) vs. ASTM.
Medical Certification: F136/F67 require additional biocompatibility tests (e.g., ISO 5832-2).
Russian Grades: BT-series alloys may differ in Al/Sn content.
For detailed mechanical properties (e.g., tensile strength, elongation) or processing requirements for specific grades, further clarification can be provided.
